Neutral000660SK hynixSK hynixGSGoldman SachsGoldman Sachs

7/15/2026

The Contradiction: Cool CPI, Hot Oil, Korean Bear

Today’s Lead-Lag Report post is sponsored by Rayliant Join Me July 16: Smart Beta Construction with Jason Hsu (Rayliant), Fujia Liu & Tony Yang (ChinaAMC) I’m excited to welcome you to my next Lead-Lag Webinar session, sponsored by Rayliant. On Thursday, July 16 at 10:00am ET, I’ll sit down with Jason Hsu, PhD — Founder of Rayliant and one of the leading voices in systematic investing — together with Fujia Liu, CFA and Tony Yang of China Asset Management (ChinaAMC), for a practical conversation on smart beta construction and what it really takes to build better factor exposure. Factor investing is often presented as a clean academic framework: identify a factor, build a portfolio, and harvest a premium. In reality, most of the outcome is driven by construction choices — what you define as the signal, how you neutralize unintended exposures, how you control turnover and trading costs, and how you think about regime dependence. I’ll ask Jason about questions like: ● What does “better factor exposure” actually mean in practice? ● Where do smart beta strategies typically leak risk (and why)? ● How should investors think about factor cyclicality and crowded trades? ● What construction choices matter most: weighting, constraints, rebalancing, or implementation? If you allocate to smart beta ETFs, manage multi-factor portfolios, or build rules-based strategies, this is the kind of conversation that can help you sharpen your framework and avoid common pitfalls. This session is approved for CFP CE credit. If you attend live and want to claim it, I’ll email you after the session with the simple process — I submit your details directly to the CFP Board on your behalf. Seats are limited — register here: https://us06web.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_qgl8xwwkTMyb3i6BS3myhQ After you register, you’ll get your confirmation and a reminder before we go live. I hope you can join me. — Michael A. Gayed, CFA DISCLAIMER — PLEASE READ: This is sponsored advertising content for which Lead-Lag Publishing, LLC is being paid a fee. The information provided is solely the creation of Rayliant. Lead-Lag Publishing, LLC does not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the information provided or make any representation as to its quality. All statements and expressions provided are the sole opinion of Rayliant and Lead-Lag Publishing, LLC expressly disclaims any responsibility for action taken in connection with the information provided. The Contradiction: Cool CPI, Hot Oil, Korean Bear Key Highlights ● Cool June CPI (+3.5% headline, +2.6% core) flipped the September FOMC from a coin-toss hike into an 86% hold — precisely the guidance the Warsh Fed refused to give, now handed to it by the tape. ● Oil did not fade: WTI settled +9.42% to $78.14 Monday and pushed near $80 Tuesday as a U.S. naval blockade of Iran took effect at 4pm ET, two days before Friday’s OFAC wind-down deadline. ● The market split in two — IBM’s worst day on record (-25%) against SK Hynix +27%, and a KOSPI now in bear territory after its 7th circuit breaker of 2026 — while the VIX sat at 17.16. Let me lead with the contradiction, because this was a week that refused to resolve into a single story. Seven days ago the thesis here was that a Warsh Fed which declined to guide had left a bifurcated market — cool disinflation on one side, a Hormuz supply shock on the other — to price both risks at once. That premise is now half-resolved and half-detonated. The disinflation side won the argument at the front end: June CPI came in cool, and rate markets took it as permission to stand the Fed down. The supply-shock side, which last week’s iMessage traffic insisted had faded overnight, did no such thing — oil extended its gains into a formal Iran blockade. And in the middle sat the most violent single-stock dispersion event in years. The market did not choose. It split. Start with the tape that matters most for the rate path. June CPI, released Tuesday morning, printed a headline of +3.5% year-over-year and core of +2.6%, both cooler than a consensus that had been drifting toward the high-3s (CBS News; Reuters via KELO). The market’s read was immediate and one-directional: CME FedWatch swung to roughly an 86% probability of a September hold, up sharply from near 60% before the print (CBS News). This is the punchline of the whole Warsh-regime saga. A Fed chair who built his brand on refusing to pre-commit just had the pre-commitment made for him — not by a dot plot he distrusts, but by a single benign inflation number that convinced the market the hike is off the table. The premise of last week’s edition, that the Fed’s silence forced the bond market to do its work, is now moot: the data did the work instead. The banks, reporting the same morning, quietly reinforced the higher-for-longer floor beneath all of this. JPMorgan, Wells Fargo, Bank of America, Citigroup, and Goldman Sachs all beat on EPS — the sector’s eighth consecutive quarter of beats (IG.com). JPMorgan posted $6.14 against $5.85 expected with equities-trading revenue up 86%, and Goldman turned in a record quarter at $20.98 diluted (AP via Audacy; IG.com). Nothing here signals credit stress; resilient banks give the Fed less urgency to cut. Stitch the two Tuesday morning threads together and you get the market’s clean, and I think dangerously tidy, synthesis: banks make money, cool CPI means the Fed doesn’t need to hike, the curve stays flat, and the money rotates hard within tech. Which brings us to the third act — the one that actually moved portfolios (chart 1). Chart 1 — U.S. markets, indexed to January 2, 2026. The SOX’s parabola meets its first real test. IBM had the worst single day in its history on Tuesday, falling roughly 25% after a CEO letter flagged capital expenditure shifting toward memory and servers ahead of a coming wave of price increases — a signal the market read as a tectonic reallocation of AI spend. What followed was pure dispersion: SK Hynix ripped about 27% (Chosun), Dell rose around 7% (The Globe and Mail), Sandisk gained roughly 5% (Benzinga), and cybersecurity broadly traded higher on the same tape, while the software complex — IBM (Reuters/Forbes), Adobe, ServiceNow, Oracle — was crushed. This is not risk-off; it is a wholesale repricing of who captures the next dollar of AI capex. Memory and hardware win, application software loses. It is worth sitting with how strange the composite picture is: the SOX had run parabolic into July, up more than 80% for the year at the Q2 close, yet Monday’s session had already been a semiconductor-led decline masquerading as an oil scare, with SK Hynix down about 15% in Seoul the day before it reversed violently higher (WSJ live coverage). The divergence between the memory complex and the software complex is now the single most important intra-equity story in the market, and the VIX — sitting at 17.16 as of the Jul 13 close (verified via YCharts) — is telling you the index level barely noticed a rotation this large happening beneath it. Across the Pacific, the read-through ran through Japan and Europe rather than around them (chart 2). The Nikkei 225 closed Tuesday around 67,243, off about 1.9%, as the Korean semiconductor shock spilled into Tokyo and a yen pinned near 40-year lows failed to cushion exporters (Japan Market Report, Jul 14). That is a notable pullback from the 70,062 Q2 close and from June’s brush with 70,000 intraday. The dollar side of the story is quieter but structurally supportive: USD/JPY held at 162.44 Tuesday, essentially unchanged and still shy of the 164-165 intervention zone desks are watching, while the DXY held firmly above 101 (Twelve Data; Investing.com). Chart 2 — International developed markets vs. the S&P 500, indexed to January 2, 2026. Europe told the same muted-defensive story. The Stoxx Europe 600 traded near 641, below its July 3 record of 652.77, with the DAX slipping toward 24,950-24,975 intraday and the CAC 40 closing at 8,292.93, down 0.86% (Stoxx official; Boursorama). The ECB, having hiked in June, is deliberately holding — Lagarde told Les Echos it “made the right choice” and cannot yet call a peak (Bloomberg, Jul 2). The net read-through for the dollar is that a hawkish-leaning global backdrop — BoJ still hiking, ECB done-but-not-declaring-victory, a BoE talking tough into its Jul 30 decision — leaves the greenback bid even as U.S. hike odds collapse, because everyone else’s central bank is closer to the end of its road than the market thinks the Fed is. The emerging-market panel is where the bifurcation turns genuinely ugly (chart 3). KOSPI, the single best-performing major index of 2026, triggered its seventh circuit breaker of the year Monday, plunging 8.95% to close at 6,806.93 — its first close below 7,000 since May — then extended lower Tuesday to 6,662.93 (Dong-A Ilbo, Jul 14; Trading Economics, Jul 14). The index is now roughly 20% below its June record and formally in bear-market territory, even as it clings to a gain north of 67% year-to-date (CNBC, Jul 9). Barron’s picked up the “KOSPI problem” framing Tuesday, and for good reason: Samsung and SK Hynix alone are more than half the index’s weight, a concentration with no U.S. parallel (CSIS, Jun 30). This is a capital-flight signal wearing a still-positive YTD number, and the fact that SK Hynix could crater 15% in Seoul on Monday and rip 27% globally on Tuesday’s memory pivot tells you the Korean tape is now a pure derivative of the AI-hardware trade. Chart 3 — Emerging markets vs. the S&P 500, indexed to January 2, 2026. KOSPI’s boom and bear. The rest of the EM complex bent without breaking. India’s Sensex fell 0.72% to 77,054.94 as the oil-import bill reasserted itself and the rupee slid toward the mid-95s (Business Standard, Jul 14). MSCI EM had given back roughly six points of YTD gain to around +20% since the quarter close, yet the JPMorgan EMBI Global Diversified spread sat near 235bp and Argentina’s country risk hit its tightest since 2018 (SSGA Q2 commentary). EM credit is reading the oil shock as a duration and inflation story, not a solvency crisis — which is exactly right, and exactly why the equity pain is concentrated where the AI leverage is, not where the current-account leverage is. Which leaves the shock itself, the one the market keeps insisting will fade (chart 4). It did not. Front-month NYMEX WTI settled Monday up 9.42% to $78.14 and pushed toward $80 Tuesday, its highest in a month, as a U.S. naval blockade of the Iranian coast took formal effect at 4pm ET; Brent settled $83.30 Monday and traded near $85 (GMA/Reuters; Morningstar Data Talk; Straits Times). This is Hormuz Day 137, and Friday brings the OFAC wind-down deadline for the revoked Iranian-oil license — a hard date sitting two sessions past a soothing CPI print. Chart 4 — Dollar, yen, euro, gold, oil, and bitcoin, indexed to January 2, 2026. The tell is in gold. On any historical script, an oil-driven war premium plus a hard geopolitical deadline sends gold ripping. Instead COMEX gold settled down 2.61% Monday to around $3,997 and managed only a shallow bounce to roughly $4,015-4,025 Tuesday (Morningstar Data Talk; Trading Economics). Gold is trading as a rate-and-dollar asset, not a safe haven — the decoupling thesis first flagged here in mid-June, now hardened. Higher oil lifts inflation expectations, which firm the dollar, which pressures gold, inverting the metal’s entire crisis playbook (FX Leaders, Jul 14). Bitcoin, for its part, barely moved — rangebound near $62,700 as it trades on its own ETF-flow dynamics rather than as any kind of hedge (Twelve Data). When the two assets everyone reaches for in a crisis — gold and bitcoin — both shrug at a naval blockade, the market is telling you it does not believe the war premium is durable. In my view that is the market trading on borrowed time: it has priced the CPI relief as permanent and the oil shock as transient, and Friday’s deadline is where those two assumptions collide. What I’m watching next week. First, the Jul 17 OFAC wind-down — does WTI hold near $80 or mean-revert toward the $60 that traders say a reopening would trigger, and does the July CPI (out mid-August) start absorbing an oil premium this June print was too early to see. Second, the durability of the memory-over-software AI divide: is IBM’s worst day a one-session capex scare or the start of a genuine leadership rotation within tech, and does the SOX resume its trend or confirm a top. Third, whether the Korean bear stays contained to a concentrated index or becomes the canary for the entire AI-hardware complex. And underneath all of it, the flattest question of all: with 2s10s at 36bp, the curve is pricing neither a hike nor a recession. One of those complacencies breaks first. The Lead-Lag Report is provided by Lead-Lag Publishing, LLC. All opinions and views mentioned in this report constitute our judgments as of the date of writing and are subject to change at any time. Information within this material is not intended to be used as a primary basis for investment decisions and should also not be construed as advice meeting the particular investment needs of any individual investor. Trading signals produced by the Lead-Lag Report are independent of other services provided by Lead-Lag Publishing, LLC or its affiliates, and positioning of accounts under their management may differ. Please remember that investing involves risk, including loss of principal, and past performance may not be indicative of future results. Lead-Lag Publishing, LLC, its members, officers, directors and employees expressly disclaim all liability in respect to actions taken based on any or all of the information on this writing.

The Rotation Confirmed: Defensive Names Reclaim Leadership, EEM/XLK/Gold Unwind, Risk-Off Signal Accelerates

Today’s Lead-Lag Report post is sponsored by GraniteShares Volatility has been anything but linear this year, and advisors are increasingly asking the same question: how do you generate income when the fixed-income playbook keeps rewriting itself and covered-call yields keep compressing? In that environment, autocallable strategies have moved from a niche structured-product corner of the market into something advisors are actively studying and allocating to — and that’s why I’m sitting down tomorrow with Matt Lamb, CAIA, Portfolio Consultant at GraniteShares , for a live conversation on what these strategies actually do, where they fit, and where they don’t. Register here → https://us06web.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_0PuKp0TuQtyT2Kiq_lEL7Q What we’ll cover · How autocallable structures actually work — the mechanics behind the yield, in plain English · The tradeoff matrix — autocallables vs. covered calls, buffered ETFs, and traditional fixed income · GraniteShares’ YieldBOOST autocallable lineup , including ANV and TLA · Regime fit — positioning autocallables across different volatility and rate environments · Live Q&A with Matt Lamb The details · When: Tomorrow, Wednesday, July 15 · 2:00–3:00 PM ET · Where: Live Zoom Webinar (registration required) · Cost: Free · CE Credit: CFP Board approved · 1.0 hour — CFP® professionals attending live can earn CE. CFP IDs will be collected post-webinar for batch submission. · Format: 60 minutes, live, with audience Q&A Reserve your spot → https://us06web.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_0PuKp0TuQtyT2Kiq_lEL7Q Can’t make it live? Register anyway — we’ll send the replay to every registrant. DISCLAIMER — PLEASE READ: This is sponsored advertising content for which Lead-Lag Publishing, LLC is being paid a fee. The information provided is solely the creation of Figure. Lead-Lag Publishing, LLC does not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the information provided or make any representation as to its quality. All statements and expressions provided are the sole opinion of Figure and Lead-Lag Publishing, LLC expressly disclaims any responsibility for action taken in connection with the information provided. The Rotation Confirmed: Defensive Names Reclaim Leadership, EEM/XLK/Gold Unwind, Risk-Off Signal Accelerates XLU +2.60% 4W ROC (Risk-Off Week 3); XLF +1.0σ Notable; EEM/XLK Flip to Laggard; JNK/GOVT +0.69% Confirms Credit Stable [Sponsor block — insert manually per issue] Below is an assessment of the performance of some of the most important sectors and asset classes relative to each other. 24-ASSET MASTER SUMMARY TABLE (Sorted by |Z-Score|) LEADERS: DEFENSIVE ROTATION IN, EEM/XLK OUT, XLF HOLDS Financials (XLF) — Rotation Beneficiary, Improving/Leading XLF/SPY: +4.05% one-month, +0.26% three-month, -7.38% six-month, -10.75% one-year (Signal strength: +1.01σ — Notable) Financials are the one Run #22 leader that not only held but strengthened to Notable this week. Z-score of +1.0σ means XLF/SPY moved more than one standard deviation above its 52-week weekly typical — statistically the second-strongest signal in the entire 23-ratio universe this week. When a rotation happens, the sectors that lead into it AND lead out of it matter most; XLF is doing both. This is the anchor argument that the current defensive rotation is not a full risk-off but a healthy rebalance. Utilities (XLU) — Defensive Rotation Confirmed, Improving/Leading XLU/SPY: +1.00% one-month, -11.36% three-month, +1.02% six-month, -5.95% one-year (Signal strength: +0.54σ — Weak signal per weekly change, but 4W ROC is the actionable metric here) XLU/SPY 4-Week ROC accelerated to +2.60% this week (up from +0.82% last week), pushing the Framework Check into Risk-Off Week 3 territory. Utilities absolute price is flat-to-up while SPY has drifted; the relative signal is doing the work. This is the third consecutive week the defensive signal has held, and it’s now clearly accelerating rather than fading — the exact opposite of what Run #22 called (fading defensive extreme). Healthcare (XLV) — Flipped to Leader from Run #22 Laggard, Weakening XLV/SPY: +2.44% one-month, -0.44% three-month, -5.75% six-month, -0.47% one-year (Signal strength: +0.38σ — Background) Healthcare flipped from Run #22 laggard to Run #23 leader on a modest +2.44% one-month move. Not a statistically loud signal, but combined with XLU and XLP holding relative bids and the Notable financial rotation, the sector-level story is coherent: defensive leadership is not just utilities-only. Watch XLV RRG in coming weeks — currently Weakening (positive but decelerating momentum). Small Caps (IWM) — Flipped to Leader, Small Cap Participation Emerging, Lagging IWM/SPY: +0.74% one-month, +1.84% three-month, +4.46% six-month, +8.98% one-year (Signal strength: -0.18σ — Background) IWM/SPY is up +0.74% 1M and flipping to leader is one of the more interesting sub-signals this week. Small caps historically underperform in genuine risk-off (they’re more sensitive to credit and growth than SPY). Small caps flipping to leader while credit stays confirming (+0.69% JNK/GOVT) is the strongest evidence that this rotation is defensive-with-quality, not defensive-with-fear. MACRO CONFIRMATION: LUMBER/GOLD REFLATION, JNK/GOVT STABLE JNK/GOVT — Credit Stability, Improving/Leading JNK/GOVT: +0.69% one-month, +1.83% three-month, +1.93% six-month, +3.38% one-year (Signal strength: +0.16σ — Background) Credit is still confirming. JNK/GOVT +0.69% 1M is not loud, but it’s positive across all four horizons — no credit stress despite the equity rotation, no widening spreads, no funding fears. This is the single most important piece of evidence for interpreting the current setup as healthy defensive rotation rather than risk-off recession warning. If this line rolls over to negative next week, that changes. Lumber/Gold — Both Rising Scenario, Weakening Lumber/Gold: +1.95% one-month, +28.17% three-month, +31.13% six-month, -15.51% one-year (Signal strength: +0.47σ — Weak) Lumber/Gold at +5.23% 4-Week ROC. Scenario translation: Both Rising — lumber outpacing gold, gold underperforming SPY significantly (Z=-0.63σ). This is the growth-favoring configuration underneath what looks like defensive rotation on the surface. This is the second key data point supporting a rebalance-not-fear interpretation: the reflation trade is still intact even as the defensive names lead. LAGGARDS: EEM/XLK/GOLD UNWIND, THREE NOTABLE REVERSALS Emerging Markets (EEM) — Notable REVERSAL from Leader, Lagging EEM/SPY: -3.16% one-month, -3.15% three-month, +4.37% six-month, +12.21% one-year (Signal strength: -1.42σ — Notable) EEM/SPY delivered the largest single-week reversal in the universe. Z-score of -1.42σ means EEM underperformed SPY by more than one standard deviation from typical this week. Combined with XLK’s -1.07σ reversal, this is the story: the two Run #22 outsized leaders both had statistically Notable reversals in a single week. If you were positioned into the EEM/XLK leadership thesis after Run #22, this is the tape saying trim, not exit — but the signal to trim is clear. Technology (XLK) — Notable REVERSAL, Lagging XLK/SPY: -0.76% one-month, +15.12% three-month, +15.34% six-month, +17.18% one-year (Signal strength: -1.07σ — Notable) Tech’s Notable reversal is significant because it comes on top of a still-strong 3M/6M reading (+15% both). This means the reversal is happening AT a still-elevated level — not a broken uptrend, but a resistance-level unwind. The 3-year chart shows the ratio near multi-year highs; a Notable weekly Z-reversal here is often the setup for a 2-4 week consolidation, not a regime change. Watch for absolute XLK price weakness alongside the ratio unwind — that’s the difference between rotation and stress. Gold (GLD) — Flipped to Laggard from Run #22 Leader, Recovering GLD/SPY: -5.34% one-month, -24.02% three-month, -18.32% six-month, -0.94% one-year (Signal strength: -0.63σ — Weak) Gold’s flip to laggard is the surprising element of the defensive rotation. Normally when defensive equities rise, gold rises with them. Gold falling on absolute price while defensive equities rise means the market is buying yield-bearing defensive names (utilities) not haven metals. This is another argument for interpreting this as rotation-not-fear: real fear moves gold up too. PREVIOUSLY ON LEADERS-LAGGARDS Run #22 Headline: “The Quiet Unwind: EEM/XLK/Financials Reclaimed Leadership; Defensive Extreme Faded” Reversed hard. Run #22 called EEM/XLK/GLD/XLI as new leaders. Run #23 flips EEM/XLK/GLD back to laggard while XLU/XLV/IWM flip to leader. XLF is the one Run #22 leader that held — and strengthened to Notable. The ‘quiet unwind’ was in fact a one-week bounce, not a regime. Streak tracking: • XLU/SPY: Week 3 of Improving/Leading quadrant (previously Weakening for 4) • XLF/SPY: Week 2 of holding leadership through defensive rotation WHAT WOULD CHANGE MY VIEW • XLF/SPY falls back below +0.5σ by next Friday’s close • JNK/GOVT rolls over to negative 1-month change • XLK/SPY reclaims Notable positive Z on any single day • XLU/SPY 4W ROC decelerates back below +1.0% THE WEEK IN CONTEXT Six ratio flips in seven trading days is not noise — it’s a meaningful regime signal. But context matters: financials held on, credit didn’t break, and small caps flipped from laggard to leader. This is a defensive rotation happening within a still-functional risk-taking backdrop, not a bear-market setup. Watch XLF and JNK/GOVT next week — those two are the difference between healthy rotation and structural stress. And for anyone who over-positioned into the EEM/XLK trade last week (Run #22): the tape just told you to trim, not exit. Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered financial advice. All investments involve risk. Past performance is not indicative of future results. The Lead-Lag Report is written by Michael A. Gayed, CFA. This does not constitute a recommendation to buy or sell any security. Consult a licensed financial advisor before making investment decisions.

Neutral000660SK hynixSK hynixDRAMRoundhill Memory ETFRoundhill Memory ETFNVDANVIDIANVIDIA

7/14/2026

The Memory Behind the AI Trade: SK Hynix Comes to Nasdaq

For the past two years, the AI story has been told through GPUs — Nvidia’s, mostly, with sidebars on custom silicon at the hyperscalers. That framing is incomplete. Every one of those accelerators sits next to a stack of high-bandwidth memory, and the company that supplies most of those stacks now has a U.S.-listed ticker, a fresh $26.5 billion balance sheet, and a leveraged single-stock ETF pair going live on Nasdaq tomorrow. SK Hynix began trading on Nasdaq as SKHY on July 10, 2026, closing its first session at $168.49 — up 13.1% from the $149 IPO price ( Chosun ; CNBC ). The $26.5 billion offering ranks as the second-largest U.S. share sale on record and was reportedly more than seven times oversubscribed ( Reuters ; Fortune ). Today — GraniteShares lists the first U.S.-listed 2x long and 2x short daily ETFs on SK Hynix , ticker SKUU and SKDD, both trading on Nasdaq ( GraniteShares ; GraniteShares press ). For active traders who have a defined, short-duration view on where SK Hynix goes next — up or down — the pair offers a leveraged way to track SKHY’s daily move without borrowing shares, posting collateral, or opening an options position. The AI capex trade is not a bet on hyperscaler intent. It is a bet on the physical bottleneck sitting between compute and memory. That bottleneck has a name, a market share, and — as of July 14 — two directional ETFs. The setup: a dominant franchise, a stretched tape, and an unusually divided Street SK Hynix ADR (SKHY) — Nasdaq debut, July 10, 2026. SK Hynix enters its U.S. life as the incumbent leader in high-bandwidth memory, the specialized DRAM that sits alongside Nvidia’s GPUs in every AI training and inference system. First-quarter 2026 HBM market share by revenue was 58% for SK Hynix, 21% for Samsung, and 21% for Micron , according to Counterpoint Research ( Gate.com ). The company signed a multi-year memory partnership with Nvidia on June 7, 2026, and shipped 12-layer HBM4E samples on June 18 — a full generation ahead of where most competitors are qualified ( Servola ). Full-year 2025 operating profit surpassed Samsung’s for the first time in the company’s history, cementing HBM as the profit engine rather than a specialty product ( CNBC ). The tape reflects that dominance. On the Korea Exchange the stock has climbed roughly 290% year-to-date through late June 2026 , trading recently near KRW 2.6 million and only about 12% below its June 25 all-time high ( NewsCase ). Analyst 12-month price targets span an unusually wide range — from KRW 1,200,000 on the low end to KRW 4,700,000 on the high end across 37 estimates, with a KRW 3,258,502 average ( Investing.com ). That kind of dispersion around a single name is precisely what tends to produce outsized single-session moves as new information — a Samsung HBM4 qualification headline, an Nvidia order revision, a monthly DRAM price print — is absorbed into the price. NH Investment & Securities raised its target on July 2, 2026, ahead of the ADR listing, citing the ongoing AI-memory upcycle ( Chosunbiz ). The bull-versus-bear split around the name is not academic — it is the direct output of one franchise that is simultaneously (a) the closest thing to a pure-play on Nvidia’s AI-memory roadmap, and (b) trading at a valuation that many analysts describe as “priced as if the cycle had been abolished” ( FactorsToday ). SKUU is built for traders who want a magnified way to participate on the upside of that debate for a single trading session. SKDD is built for traders who want a magnified way to participate on the downside of it, for the same single session. Bull case: HBM leadership, structural AI capex, and a Nasdaq re-rating HBM market share: Q1 2026 actuals vs UBS 2027 forecast. The bull case begins with market structure. HBM is not commodity DRAM — customer qualification for Nvidia’s Blackwell and Rubin platforms is measured in years, not quarters, and the qualification process itself creates switching costs that traditional memory does not carry ( Zero One Investment Research ). SK Hynix commercialized MR-MUF advanced packaging ahead of peers, delivered 12-layer HBM4 samples first, and is currently the only supplier inside Nvidia’s Blackwell-class production with multi-generation continuity ( Deep Research Global ). HBM commands a 5-10x price premium per bit over conventional DRAM , and qualification status is the primary determinant of who captures that margin ( Zero One Investment Research ). Second, the AI capex tape has not softened. TrendForce and Counterpoint both project SK Hynix retains roughly 50-54% HBM share through 2026, with Samsung near 28% and Micron around 22% — a structural three-supplier oligopoly that constrains supply flexibility across the entire AI hardware stack ( Gate.com ; PatSnap ). HBM revenue moved from roughly 40% of SK Hynix DRAM sales in Q4 2024 to more than half in 2025, and the mix continues to shift upward — a fundamental change to the company’s earnings quality that a pure DRAM-cycle framing misses ( Hated Moats ). Third, the Nasdaq listing itself is a re-rating catalyst. SK Hynix historically traded at a 5.5x forward P/E versus Micron’s 6.66x , a discount analysts commonly attribute to the Korean-listing structure and limited U.S. institutional access ( Reuters ). HSBC has flagged that Micron has traded at a 35% average premium to SK Hynix over the past 13 years , and the ADR listing directly attacks that gap ( LineVest ). Post-listing, Jupiter Asset Management publicly flagged the potential for a “revaluation of SK Hynix’s lower P/E ratio compared to Micron” ( Chosun ). For a trader with a same-session view that this multiple compression is not yet fully priced in, SKUU offers 2x daily-reset participation in a beat, a positive supply update, or a stronger-than-expected first weeks of ADR trading . Bear case: valuation, competitive catch-up, and cyclical memory Forward P/E of SK Hynix vs Micron, and the historical 13-yr Micron premium (HSBC). The bear case starts with valuation. The KOSPI-listed shares are up roughly 290% year-to-date and trade at roughly 20.6x trailing earnings, a level that assumes the AI capex cycle continues at the current pace with no meaningful moderation ( StockAnalysis ; NewsCase ). Some analysts have flagged that the stock is “no longer low-risk near KRW 1.6 million” and that further upside depends specifically on tight HBM supply, high margins, and a sustained multiple re-rating — a stack of assumptions in which any single failure can drive multi-day drawdowns ( EBC Financial ). Second, competitive catch-up is now measurable rather than theoretical. Samsung mass-produced HBM4 in February 2026, and UBS projects Samsung’s HBM bit share reaches 40% by 2027, tying SK Hynix at 40% each with Micron at 20% ( Bitget ). Micron has been chosen as a primary HBM supplier for Nvidia’s Blackwell GPUs and the Vera Rubin AI platform, with HBM4 for Vera Rubin shipping since March 2026 ( Gate.com ). Some independent analyst work estimates Samsung is already pricing HBM roughly 30% below SK Hynix to reclaim share, a structural threat to pricing power in a business where a single-percentage-point ASP move flows almost directly to segment margin ( YouTube analysis ). Third, memory is cyclical, and the DRAM story does not begin and end with HBM. Samsung reclaimed the overall DRAM market lead in Q4 2025 with 36% share versus SK Hynix at 32.1% — the first time Samsung had held that title since Q1 2025 ( Qazinform ). If the AI investment wave decelerates even modestly, or if multiple suppliers add capacity simultaneously into a softening demand tape, oversupply and margin compression become near-term risks rather than tail risks ( NewsCase ). Sharp profit-taking after the Nasdaq debut is already visible in the Korean tape: SK Hynix shares fell as much as 4.4% in Seoul on July 13 , one session after the strong ADR pricing ( The Star ). For a trader with a same-session view that valuation risk, Samsung’s qualification progress, or memory cyclicality are underappreciated, SKDD offers -2x daily-reset participation in a downside session — without the operational friction of locating shares to short a newly listed ADR. How SKUU and SKDD actually work — and the daily reset that defines both Hypothetical illustrative simulation — not a forecast and does not represent actual fund performance: even when the underlying goes nowhere, a choppy tape can decay both a 2x long and a -2x short position. SKUU and SKDD are actively managed, single-stock leveraged ETFs. Neither fund holds SK Hynix shares directly. Both construct their target daily profile using swaps and options on SK Hynix, seeking to provide 2 times (200%) the daily percentage change of SKHY for SKUU and -2 times (-200%) the daily percentage change of SKHY for SKDD, before fees and expenses ( GraniteShares ; Prospectus ). SKUU’s expense ratio is 1.50%; SKDD’s is 2.20% ( GraniteShares ). The single most important mechanical fact for anyone using either product is that both funds reset their target multiple every trading day . SKUU is engineered to deliver 2x SKHY’s return for one trading session — not 2x SKHY’s return over a week, a month, or through the launch window. If SKHY rises 3% on a given session, SKUU is designed to rise approximately 6% that day, before fees and financing costs. What happens on any following session is an entirely separate daily calculation, not a continuation of a fixed multiple applied to the pre-move price. The same mechanic applies in reverse to SKDD: a 3% down day in SKHY targets approximately +6% for SKDD that session, before fees. Traders holding either fund through multiple sessions are holding a chain of independent daily bets, not a single leveraged position across the whole move. Risk framing: compounding decay, single-stock concentration, and leverage The daily reset is not a technicality — it is the source of the funds’ central risk. Because returns compound day over day rather than accumulating linearly, the return of SKUU or SKDD over any period longer than a single trading day will diverge from the stated daily multiple applied to SKHY’s cumulative move, and that divergence tends to widen with volatility. In a choppy, headline-driven stretch — up one day, down the next, roughly flat over a couple of weeks — the compounding math works against the holder in either direction . It is entirely possible for SKUU to lose money over a two-week window in which SKHY finishes higher than it started, and equally possible for SKDD to lose money over a two-week window in which SKHY finishes lower than it started. The illustrative simulation on the previous page shows that path dependency: even with SKHY finishing at roughly the same level after 30 sessions of assumed 3% daily volatility, both the compounded +2x and compounded -2x returns land measurably below what a naive multiple of the cumulative move would suggest. The illustrative simulation shown on the previous page is hypothetical only, is not a forecast, and does not represent actual fund performance. Layered on top of that mechanical risk is single-stock concentration. Both funds’ fortunes are tied to a single company operating in a single, cyclical, geographically concentrated industry. SK Hynix’s own results are sensitive to hyperscaler capex, DRAM and HBM pricing cycles, Nvidia qualification status, Samsung and Micron competitive positioning, U.S.–China semiconductor export policy, Korean regulatory posture toward capital markets, and won-dollar dynamics. Neither fund is diversified by design. Leverage risk is straightforward: a 2x daily instrument moves twice as fast in both directions, and a sharp adverse session can erode principal quickly with no floor beyond the loss of the full investment ( GraniteShares ). Both funds also carry counterparty risk on the swap agreements used to construct the daily profile, and rebalancing risk tied to the daily trading required to reset the multiple each session. Shares are bought and sold on an exchange at market price rather than being redeemed at net asset value, so bid-ask spread and intraday liquidity are additional considerations on any entry or exit — particularly in the first weeks of trading for a newly listed pair. What I am watching I do not think the SK Hynix debut is best understood as a pure IPO trade. It is a re-pricing event on a franchise that was already the dominant AI-memory supplier before the ticker changed. Three things will matter more than the opening print. First, whether the Micron valuation gap actually closes. HSBC’s observation that Micron has traded at a 35% average premium to SK Hynix over 13 years is the concise statement of what the ADR listing is engineered to attack. If U.S. institutional access alone re-rates the multiple, that is a durable, single-direction move. If it does not — if the market decides Korean-listing structure was not the real reason for the discount — the entire “listing catalyst” thesis collapses back into cyclical memory. Same tape, opposite trade. Second, whether Samsung’s HBM4 qualification progress starts showing up in Nvidia allocation, not just in press releases. The UBS 2027 forecast of a 40/40/20 HBM market — Samsung tied with SK Hynix — is far from the 58/21/21 print for Q1 2026. Every incremental datapoint on Samsung Blackwell or Rubin qualification is a datapoint that either accelerates or delays that convergence. The 2026 tape is going to trade around that flow. Third, cyclicality. Memory has always been cyclical. HBM’s profile is different — customer qualification, multi-year contracts, and a three-supplier oligopoly change the shape of the cycle — but they do not eliminate it. Samsung reclaiming the overall DRAM market lead in Q4 2025 is the reminder that the base business under HBM is still commodity memory subject to commodity dynamics. Any softening in hyperscaler capex commentary, any coincident capacity add across all three suppliers, and the entire complex re-rates lower. For traders who want to express a same-session directional view on any of the above, SKUU and SKDD are built for that specific job — magnified participation in a single daily result on the world’s dominant AI memory supplier, mechanically delivered, for exactly as many sessions as the position is actively managed. What they are not is a set-it-and-forget-it substitute for owning SK Hynix stock. The daily reset means both positions need active monitoring, a defined exit plan, and a clear-eyed acknowledgment that holding period, not just direction, determines the outcome. The AI trade has always been about the bottleneck, not the buyer. Today, that bottleneck has two new tickers. RISK FACTORS AND IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES This material must be preceded or accompanied by a Prospectus. Carefully consider the Fund’s investment objectives, risk factors, charges and expenses before investing. Please read the prospectus before investing. The Fund is not suitable for all investors. The investment program of the Fund is speculative, entails substantial risks and includes asset classes and investment techniques not employed by most ETFs and mutual funds. Investments in the ETF are not bank deposits and are not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. The Fund is designed to be utilized only by knowledgeable investors who understand the potential consequences of seeking daily leveraged (2X) investment results, understand the risks associated with the use of leverage and are willing to monitor their portfolios frequently. For periods longer than a single day, the Fund will lose money if the Underlying Stock’s performance is flat, and it is possible that the Fund will lose money even if the Underlying Stock’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. An investor could lose the full principal value of his/her investment within a single day. The Fund seeks daily leveraged investment results and is intended to be used as a short-term trading vehicle. This Fund attempts to provide daily investment results that correspond to the respective long leveraged multiple of the performance of its underlying stock (a Leverage Long Fund). Investors should note that such Leverage Long Fund pursues daily leveraged investment objectives, which means that the Fund is riskier than alternatives that do not use leverage because the Fund magnifies the performance of its underlying stock. The volatility of the underlying security may affect a Fund’s return as much as, or more than, the return of the underlying security. Because of daily rebalancing and the compounding of each day’s return over time, the return of the Fund for periods longer than a single day will be the result of each day’s returns compounded over the period, which will very likely differ from 200% of the return of the Underlying Stock over the same period. The Fund will lose money if the Underlying Stock’s performance is flat over time, and as a result of daily rebalancing, the Underlying Stock volatility and the effects of compounding, it is even possible that the Fund will lose money over time while the Underlying Stock’s performance increases over a period longer than a single day. Shares are bought and sold at market price (not NAV) and are not individually redeemed from the ETF. There can be no guarantee that an active trading market for ETF shares will develop or be maintained, or that their listing will continue or remain unchanged. Buying or selling ETF shares on an exchange may require the payment of brokerage commissions and frequent trading may incur brokerage costs that detract significantly from investment returns. An investment in the Fund involves risk, including the possible loss of principal. The Fund is non-diversified and includes risks associated with the Fund concentrating its investments in a particular industry, sector, or geographic region which can result in increased volatility. The use of derivatives such as futures contracts and swaps are subject to market risks that may cause their price to fluctuate over time. Risks of the Fund include: · Effects of Compounding and Market Volatility Risk · Leverage Risk · Market Risk · Counterparty Risk · Rebalancing Risk · Intra-Day Investment Risk · Other Investment Companies (including ETFs) Risk · Risks specific to the securities of the Underlying Stock and the sector in which it operates These and other risks can be found in the prospectus. This information is not an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy shares of any Funds to any person in any jurisdiction in which an offer, solicitation, purchase or sale would be unlawful under the securities laws of such jurisdiction. Please consult your tax advisor about the tax consequences of an investment in Fund shares, including the possible application of foreign, state, and local tax laws. You could lose money by investing in the ETFs. There can be no assurance that the investment objective of the Funds will be achieved. None of the Funds should be relied upon as a complete investment program. An investor should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges and expenses of the Funds carefully before investing. To obtain a prospectus containing this and other information, please call 1-844-476-8747. Read the prospectus carefully before you invest. THE FUND IS DISTRIBUTED BY ALPS DISTRIBUTORS, INC. GRANITESHARES IS NOT AFFILIATED WITH ALPS DISTRIBUTORS, INC. GRS002398 DISCLAIMER – PLEASE READ: This is a sponsored article for which Lead-Lag Publishing, LLC has been paid a fee. Lead-Lag Publishing, LLC does not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the information provided in the article or make any representation as to its quality. All statements and expressions provided in this article are the sole opinion of GraniteShares and Lead-Lag Publishing, LLC expressly disclaims any

IWMRussell 2000NeutralRussell 2000QQQNasdaqBearishNasdaq

7/13/2026

The Fear Gauge Reset — But the Composition Did Not (ATACX)

Utilities outperforming Nasdaq under calm VIX historically precedes renewed volatility

QQQNasdaqNeutralNasdaq

7/10/2026

The Fed Just Told You There Are No Rate Cuts Coming. Here’s How To Build Your Own.

Key Highlights · The Federal Reserve (Fed) held rates at 3.50–3.75% on June 17, 2026, removed the cut bias from its statement, and the dot plot now suggests a hike is more likely than a cut before year-end. · Goldman Sachs Research has pushed its first projected rate cut to June 2027 — eighteen months from now — with the second following in December 2027. · Headline CPI hit 4.2% in May 2026, the highest reading since April 2023, driven by sticky services inflation and energy-price pass-through from the Iran conflict. · The Nasdaq-100 VIX is trading at 26.95 while the S&P 500 VIX sits at 17.68 — one of the widest tech-versus-broad vol spreads of the cycle. · The TappAlpha Innovation 100 Growth & Daily Income ETF (TDAQ) uses a daily 0DTE covered call strategy on the Nasdaq-100 — and the spread between tech vol and broad vol is exactly the kind of premium environment the strategy is built to harvest. Today, Kevin Warsh chaired his first Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting as Federal Reserve Chairman. The Committee held the federal funds rate steady at 3.50–3.75%, a level unchanged since late 2025. (CNBC) The substantive news was not the hold. It was what came out of the statement and the dot plot. The previous cutting bias — language that had quietly signaled the next move was lower — was removed. The dot plot’s median path now suggests the federal funds rate ends 2026 at roughly 3.8%, above current levels, implying a hike is now considered more probable than a cut over the back half of the year. (CNBC) Goldman Sachs Research has responded by pushing its first projected cut to June 2027, with the second to December 2027. (MEXC) For income investors, this is the death of a trade many had quietly been waiting on: the one where the Fed cuts, bond prices rise, and yield-starved portfolios get rescued by duration. That trade is now an eighteen-month wait, at minimum. Which raises the question every advisor running income mandates is asking this week: if the Fed isn’t coming, where does the income actually come from? The answer this advertorial proposes is uncomfortable and structural. It does not come from waiting for cuts. It comes from monetizing the very thing a hawkish-Fed-meets-sticky-inflation regime produces in abundance: volatility. And it comes from monetizing it where the premium is richest — which, right now, is in tech. The Income Math Just Got Worse The S&P 500’s dividend yield sits at roughly 1%, one of the lowest readings in three decades. (Multpl) The Nasdaq-100’s dividend yield is lower still — closer to 0.5% — because the mega-cap technology companies that dominate the index reinvest cash rather than distribute it. Ten-year Treasuries are now yielding 4.43%, up from 4.13% in mid-April. (Morningstar) That last number is the one that matters most for the income arithmetic. Yields have risen, not fallen, since the start of the year. Bond prices have moved in the other direction. An income investor who shifted into long-duration Treasuries six months ago expecting the Fed to ride to the rescue is now sitting on a markdown — and a Fed that, today, told the market the rescue isn’t coming. Meanwhile, May 2026 CPI came in at 4.2%, the highest reading since April 2023, with energy prices passing through from the Iran conflict and services inflation refusing to cooperate. (CNBC, BLS) That is the mechanical reason the Fed cannot cut. And it is also the mechanical reason this Fed cycle is structurally different from anything investors have experienced since the early 1990s. Higher-for-longer is no longer a forecast. It is a regime. Figure 1: Fed rate cut expectations collapse Figure 1: The path that wasn’t — market-implied rate cut expectations have collapsed from four cuts in 2026 to zero, with the first cut now projected for June 2027. Where the Premium Actually Is Volatility, like everything else in markets, has a term structure and a cross-section. And right now, the cross-section is telling income investors something specific. The broad-market VIX closed at 17.68 on June 16. (FRED) That is a calm reading by historical standards — well inside the 12–20 “MID” band that has dominated the last two years. The Iran ceasefire took the edge off the early-June spike, and the market has digested the Fed hold with notable composure. But the Nasdaq-100 VIX — the volatility index for the tech-heavy index — closed at 26.95 on June 16. (YCharts) That is a 27.79% increase versus one year ago, and it represents a roughly 9-point spread over the broad-market VIX. Figure 2: NDX VIX vs SPX VIX spread widens Figure 2: NDX VIX vs SPX VIX — the spread has widened from ~3 points at the start of 2026 to over 9 points in mid-June, reflecting concentrated risk pricing in mega-cap technology. That spread is not noise. It reflects something specific the options market is pricing: AI capex skepticism, mega-cap concentration risk, and earnings-driven dispersion that is far more concentrated in tech names than in the broader index. When the Nasdaq-100 VIX trades 50% richer than the S&P 500 VIX, options sellers on the Nasdaq are being paid materially more per unit of underlying exposure than options sellers on the broad index. This is the structural setup. A hawkish Fed sustains the volatility regime. The Iran-related tail risk lingers. And the Nasdaq-100, with its concentrated mega-cap composition and its AI-capex-driven dispersion, is the part of the market where the volatility risk premium is currently richest. For investors with a strategy designed to harvest that premium, the spread is a windfall. The Mechanic, Briefly Zero-days-to-expiration options — 0DTE — are no longer exotic. SPX 0DTE contracts averaged 2.3 million per day in 2025 and represented 59% of total S&P 500 options volume, up from roughly 5% in 2016. (Cboe Global Markets) The same structural shift has occurred on the Nasdaq side. Daily-expiry options are the baseline of how the largest options markets in the world now function. The appeal of 0DTE for income generation comes down to theta decay. A call option that expires at the close of the same trading day it is written delivers the maximum possible rate of time decay to the seller. That is the mechanical engine. Each morning, the strategy resets. Each evening, the options expire. The premium collected becomes income. The next day, it begins again. The daily cadence does three things. It minimizes overnight options-book risk — yesterday’s calls have already expired by the time the next gap opens. It allows constant recalibration to the new level — if the Nasdaq drops 3% in a session, the next day’s calls are written at the new lower strike. And it converts what would otherwise be a single monthly income event into a continuous stream that compounds across the harvest window. Why This Fed Cycle Favors Premium Harvest A premium-collection strategy does not need rate cuts to work. It needs volatility. And we believe the conditions producing that volatility right now are durable, not transient. Consider what would need to change for the volatility regime to compress meaningfully. The Fed would need to either cut decisively — which Goldman now projects no earlier than June 2027 — or signal a return to a clearly accommodative posture. Inflation would need to break decisively below the Fed’s 2% target — a five-year journey at the current trajectory, not a five-month one. The Iran situation would need to resolve into a durable peace rather than a fragile ceasefire. And AI capex skepticism — the central pricing question for the mega-cap tech complex — would need to resolve one way or the other, in either direction. None of those are this year’s stories. They are 2027 or 2028 stories. Which means the volatility risk premium that funds the daily 0DTE harvest is structurally supported for the foreseeable horizon. Figure 3: S&P 500 quarterly earnings growth Figure 3: S&P 500 Q1 2026 earnings grew 28.4% on a blended basis — the sixth consecutive quarter of double-digit growth and the strongest reading since Q4 2021. The underlying index has a fundamental floor even as the volatility regime stays elevated. (FactSet) This is the case that distinguishes the current moment from prior covered-call cycles. In 2018–2021, premium-harvest strategies struggled because volatility was structurally compressed by an accommodative Fed and low-inflation regime. In 2022–2023, they outperformed because the regime flipped. In 2024–2025, they delivered steady income because volatility settled into a middle band. The 2026 setup — hawkish Fed, sticky inflation, geopolitically-driven energy shocks, AI-capex dispersion — is the structural cousin of 2022. Except now the products built to harvest it are mature, transparent, and listed. The Trade-Offs You Need to Understand No strategy is a free lunch. A covered call program caps upside participation. If the Nasdaq-100 surges 5% in a single day on a Fed pivot, an AI earnings surprise, or a peace deal, TDAQ’s calls will limit the fund’s participation in that move. In a relentless momentum-driven bull market, an unhedged QQQM position will outperform TDAQ over time. But “relentless momentum-driven bull market” is precisely what this Fed just made less likely for the back half of 2026. A hawkish Federal Reserve removing its cut bias, a dot plot pointing to a possible hike, and inflation running at 4.2% are not the conditions that produce relentless one-direction rallies. They are the conditions that produce chop, dispersion, and elevated volatility — the conditions in which the upside cap of a covered call strategy is the cheapest form of compromise an income investor can make. And the Q1 2026 earnings season — the sixth consecutive quarter of double-digit growth on a blended basis, the strongest reading since Q4 2021 — tells you the underlying companies are not in trouble. The volatility being priced in the Nasdaq-100 VIX is not distress. It is dispersion. The two are very different things, and only one of them is sellable. Because TDAQ’s underlying holding is QQQM, the fund inherits all of the Nasdaq-100’s characteristics: heavy concentration in information technology (~50%), communications services (~17%), and consumer discretionary (~12%). It is not a replacement for diversification. It is a complement that maintains Nasdaq-100 growth participation while generating a cash-flow stream that does not depend on the index rising. Drawdown risk is real. If the Nasdaq-100 falls 10% in a sustained sell-off, TDAQ will participate substantially in that drawdown, only partially offset by the premium collected during the period. The strategy is not a hedge. It is an income overlay on a Nasdaq-100 exposure. Where TDAQ Fits in a Portfolio TDAQ is best understood as an allocation decision rather than a trade. For income-oriented investors — retirees, those in the distribution phase, anyone drawing down a portfolio — it offers a structural source of cash flow tied to the Nasdaq-100 without requiring the index to rise. For growth-oriented investors, it can serve as a yield-enhancement sleeve within a broader tech allocation, generating income that partially offsets drawdowns during corrective periods and can be reinvested or used to rebalance into lagging parts of the market. With approximately $234 million in AUM as of mid-June 2026 — nearly double its mid-April level — and listing on the Cboe since its September 2025 inception, TDAQ has crossed the size threshold where institutional and advisor allocators begin to consider new strategies. (Robinhood) The TappAlpha platform as a whole crossed $500 million in AUM in May 2026, doubling in four months. (GlobeNewswire) The fund’s three-holding structure — overwhelmingly QQQM with a small cash position and the daily options book — keeps the strategy transparent and explainable, which matters more in a regime where the underlying drivers of return are themselves complex. The Bigger Picture The Federal Reserve told the market today, with the clearest signal it has sent all year, that it does not intend to deliver the rate cuts the market spent twelve months pricing in. Goldman now projects the first cut eighteen months out. Inflation is running at 4.2%. The Nasdaq-100 VIX is at 26.95. The volatility risk premium is one of the few structural inefficiencies left at scale in the listed-product universe — and it is currently richest in tech. The investors who navigate this environment most effectively are not the ones waiting for the Fed to come back. They are the ones who recognize that a hawkish Fed, in a 4.2% inflation regime, with concentrated tech-vol pricing, is not the absence of an income opportunity. It is the structural condition that makes the opportunity possible. A daily 0DTE covered call strategy on the Nasdaq-100 does not require you to be right about when the Fed cuts, whether AI capex pays off, or how the next Iran-related escalation resolves. It requires only that you are willing to trade some upside for a consistent income stream — and that volatility, the very thing the Fed’s posture just guaranteed will stick around, keeps doing its job. The Fed just told you there are no rate cuts coming. With TDAQ, you don’t need them to. Disclosure: This content is sponsored by TappAlpha. The Lead-Lag Report has been compensated for the publication of this material. The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of TappAlpha or its affiliates. This material is for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as investment advice or a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any securities, including TDAQ. The fund currently expects, but does not guarantee, to make distributions on a monthly basis. Distributions may exceed the fund’s income and gains for the taxable year. Distributions in excess of the fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated as a return of capital. Investors should carefully consider the investment objectives, risks, charges and expenses of the ETFs identified on this site. This and other important information about the Fund are contained in the prospectus, which can be obtained on this site or by calling (844) 403-2888. The prospectus should be read carefully before investing. Please click here for the prospectus: https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/659c04f60051914529d01524/69a72d03b4013 4867ab95421_TappAlpha%20Prospectus%204.30.2025%2C%20%20sticker%2020 26.03.02.pdf The performance data quoted represents past performance. Past performance does not guarantee future results. The investment return and principal value of an investment will fluctuate so that an investor’s shares, when sold or redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost and current performance may be lower or higher than the performance quoted. Performance current to the most recent month-end can be obtained above. Returns less than one year are not annualized. Short term performance, in particular, is not a good indication of the fund’s future performance, and an investment should not be made based solely on returns. The Fund does not have a track record of reporting to investors or widely available research coverage which may result in price volatility. Market performance is the price at which shares in the ETF can be bought or sold on the exchanges during trading hours, while the net asset value (NAV) represents the value of each share’s portion of the fund’s underlying assets and cash at the end of the trading day. Click here for standardized performance: https://www.tappalphafunds.com/etfs/tdaq Investing involves risk. Principal loss is possible. The Fund’s shares will change in value, and you could lose money by investing in the Fund. The Fund may not achieve its investment objectives. The Fund invests in options contracts that are based on the value of the Index. This subjects the Fund to certain of the same risks as if it owned shares of companies that comprised the Index, even though it does not own shares of companies in the Index. The Fund will have exposure to declines in the Index. The Fund is subject to potential losses if the Index loses value, which may not be offset by income received by the Fund. By virtue of the Fund’s investments in options contracts that are based on the value of the Index, the Fund may also be subject to an indirect investment risk, an index trading risk & a Nasdaq 100 Index Risk. The Nasdaq-100® Index is a widely recognized benchmark index that tracks the performance of 100 of the largest non-financial companies listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market, including NDX and XND options. These companies represent a broad range of industries, with a notable concentration in technology-related sectors. The Index is market-capitalization weighted and includes companies across sectors such as information technology, consumer discretionary, communication services, healthcare, and industrials. As of December 31, 2023, the five largest sectors in the Index were information technology, consumer discretionary, communication services, healthcare, and industrials. The composition of the Index can change over time due to market capitalization shifts, periodic rebalancing, and company eligibility changes. Regarding volatility, the Nasdaq-100® Index, like all market indices, has experienced periods of significant daily price movements. Its higher concentration in growth-oriented and technology-related companies can contribute to greater short-term volatility compared to more diversified indices. Despite these fluctuations, the Index has demonstrated strong long-term performance over its history. Due to the short time until their expiration, 0DTE options are more sensitive to sudden price movements and market volatility than options with more time until expiration. Because of this, the timing of trades utilizing 0DTE options becomes more critical. Even a slight delay in the execution of 0DTE trades can significantly impact the outcome of the trade. 0DTE options may also suffer from low liquidity, making it more difficult for the Fund to enter into its positions each morning at desired prices. The bid-ask spreads on 0DTE options can be wider than with traditional options, increasing the Fund’s transaction costs and negatively affecting its returns. These risks may negatively impact the performance of the fund. As of the date of this prospectus, the Fund has no operating history and currently has fewer assets than larger funds. Like other new funds, large inflows and outflows may impact the Fund’s market exposure for limited periods of time. This impact may be positive or negative, depending on the direction of market movement during the period affected. Distributor: Foreside Fund Services, LLC, Member FINRA. Definitions The following plain-language definitions are provided for terms used above. They are general descriptions and are not part of the Fund’s offering documents. FOMC (Federal Open Market Committee) — The Federal Reserve committee that sets U.S. monetary policy, including the target federal funds rate. It meets roughly eight times a year. Dot plot — A chart released with the FOMC’s quarterly Summary of Economic Projections showing each policymaker’s expectation for the future path of the federal funds rate. Hawkish — A monetary-policy stance that favors higher interest rates, or fewer rate cuts, to contain inflation. Its opposite, “dovish,” favors lower rates to support growth. 0DTE (zero-days-to-expiration) options — Options contracts that expire on the same trading day they are written. Because they expire within hours, they carry the fastest rate of time decay and are highly sensitive to intraday price movements. Covered call — An options strategy in which call options are sold against an underlying holding the seller owns. The seller collects premium income in